Remittances (money sent by the diaspora or migrants to their home countries) play a crucial role in many African economies. They serve as a stable and often growing source of foreign income, sometimes surpassing foreign direct investment and official development assistance. For countries like Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, and Senegal, remittances contribute significantly to national GDP.

At the household level, remittances improve living standards by helping families cover basic needs such as food, education, healthcare, and housing. They also provide a form of social insurance during economic downturns or crises. In rural areas especially, these funds can reduce poverty and promote financial inclusion by encouraging the use of banking and mobile money services.

Beyond household support, remittances can have broader developmental impacts. They can boost local economies by increasing consumption, supporting small businesses, and fostering entrepreneurship. However, their potential is often underutilized due to high transfer costs, lack of financial literacy, and limited investment channels.

Given the significant role remittances play in African economies, is it advisable for governments to impose taxes on diaspora contributions, or would such a policy risk undermining their developmental impact

Thank you for sharing these insightful imputation techniques. This is a valuable contribution for practitioners working with panel data in Stata. That said, it's important to emphasize that users should not only learn how to apply these techniques, but also clearly understand when and why they are appropriate, as well as the assumptions that underlie them.

Every imputation method, whether simple or advanced, alters the original dataset to some extent. While imputation is intended to mitigate the negative impacts of missing data, it also introduces new sources of uncertainty. If applied carelessly or without checking assumptions, imputation can result in biased estimates, misleading inferences, or spurious relationships in the data.

Empowerment to me is the ability for individuals, groups, or communities to gain control over their lives, make informed decisions, and access the resources and opportunities needed to achieve their full potential. In other words, the freedom to own their lives, choices and decisions.

Looking forward to the summit, with the hope that it will move beyond conversation to concrete implementation, helping to advance the Sustainable Development Goals and Africa’s Agenda 2063.

Congratulations on your publication. This is a timely topic since E-Government can help reduce corruption, improve efficiency in African countries and domestic resource mobilization. Regarding your questions : • How is e-governance evolving in your respective countries or institutions? I think where in my resident country, E-Government is on good track because many services are now digitalized from school fees to official results and many other services. • Have you had experience publishing your own work, whether through conferences, journals, or policy papers? Do share it. Yes I published a couple of papers in peer-reviewed journals • What challenges or lessons have you encountered in getting your work published and shared? The challenges are the high volume of rejection which is sometime discouraging. The lessons is to persevere and keep improving

Indeed, this initiative will help policy makers in designing policies and decision evidence based. Reliable data is crucial to understand the root causes of multidimensional poverty and to fight it.